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    Biology: Systems Biology and Research Methodology

    Osteoporosis: Bone Biology and Anatomy

    Osteoporosis: Bone Biology and Remodeling

    Infectious Disease: HBV and Chronic Infection

    Osteoporosis: General

    Binge Eating Disorder: Biological Basis

    Diabetes: Anatomy and Physiology

    Pharmacokinetics: PK in Action

    Biology: Cells - The Basics

    Biology: Angiogenesis

    Biology: DNA Discovery and Structure

    Biology: Translation - Protein Synthesis

    Cardiovascular: Platelet Biology

    Biology: Cytokine Primer

    Biology: Cell Structure and Mobility

    Biology: Cell Cycle and Mitosis

    Biology: DNA to RNA Transcription

    Biology: Cell Membranes

    Biology: DNA Replication

    Biology: DNA Binding Drugs

    Biotech: Protein Formulation Physical Aspects

    Biology: Drug Therapy

    Biotech: Basics

    Oncology: Sarcoma

    Oncology Primer: Therapy Principles

    Biologics

  • Microlearning Topics

  • Systems Biology

    Modeling Biological Systems

    Bone Biology Summary

    Bone Biology Summary

    Introduction: Osteoporosis Bone Biology

    Introduction: Osteoporosis Bone Biology

    Introduction Osteoporosis Bone Biology

    Introduction Osteoporosis Bone Biology

    Summary: Osteoporosis Bone Biology

    Summary: Osteoporosis Bone Biology

    What is HBV?

    HBV (Molecular Biology of HBV)

    Overview of Osteoporosis

    Bone Biology and Bone Loss

    Biology of Eating Behaviors

    Biology of Eating Behaviors

    Bone Matrix

    Bone Matrix

    Bone Structure

    Basic Bone Anatomy

    Bone Matrix

    Collagen

    Bone Function

    Calcium Homeostasis

    Remodeling Process

    Resorption

    Factors Affecting Bone Remodeling

    Glucocorticoids

    Bone Tissue

    Trabecular Bone

    Remodeling Process

    Reversal

    Bone Tissue

    Cortical Bone

    Remodeling Process

    Formation

    Factors Affecting Bone Remodeling

    Estrogen

    Factors Affecting Bone Remodeling

    Nervous System

    Overview of Incretin Based Therapies

    Background: Incretin Biology and Treatment Goal

    Bone Structure

    Common Fracture Sites in Osteoporosis

    Remodeling Process

    Events Associated with Bone Remodeling

    Bone Matrix

    Inorganic Bone Salts and Ground Substance

    Bone Function

    Calcium Storage and Release

    Bone Function

    Control of Calcium Homeostasis

    Peak Bone Mass

    Decreasing Bone Density

    Insulin Molecular Biology

    Insulin Action

    Insulin Molecular Biology

    MAPK Pathway

    Insulin Molecular Biology

    Akt Pathway

    Biological and Physiological Determinants of PK

    Development of Successful Therapeutic Drugs and The Biology of the Animal and Physicochemical Proper...

    Bone Cells

    Three Major Types of Bone Cells

    Biological and Physicochemical Determinants of PK

    Drug Properties and Biology Determine Route of Drug Administration

    Bone Structure

    Skeletal Structure, Bone Classifications and Bone Shape

    Peak Bone Mass

    Factors Affecting Peak Bone Mass

    Bone Function

    Structure, Protection, Movement and Blood Cell Formation (Hematopoiesis)

    Insulin Molecular Biology

    Insulin Action: Muscle and Adipose

    Biology of Eating Behaviors

    Hunger and Energy Homeostasis

    Biology of Eating Behaviors

    Neuronal Control of Energy Homeostasis

    Insulin Molecular Biology

    Beta cell: Glucose Sensing and Insulin Release

    Biology of Eating Behaviors

    The Reward Circuit and Appetite Regulation

    What is HBV?

    Hepatitis Viruses
    HBV (Molecular Biology of HBV)
    The Structure of HBV
    HBV Genome

    Biology of Eating Behaviors

    Hormonal Control of Energy Homeostasis: Orexigenic and Anorexigenic

    Overview of Incretin-Based Therapies

    Background: Incretin-Biology

    Insulin Molecular Biology

    Insulin Action
    MAPK Pathway
    Akt Pathway

    Biology of Eating Behaviors

    Hormonal Control of Energy Homeostasis: Leptin

    Insulin Molecular Biology

    Beta cell: Glucose Sensing and Insulin Release
    Insulin Action: Muscle and Adipose
    Insulin ...

    Overview: Cells (The Basics)

    The Cell

    What Are Cells?

    Schleiden and Schwann's Hypothesis

    What Are Cells?

    The Cell: Basic Unit of Life

    What Are Cells?

    Spontaneous Generation: Challenges

    What Are Cells?

    Cell Structure and Function

    Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

    Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

    Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

    Prokaryotes

    Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

    Eukaryotes

    Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

    Eukaryotes: Organelles

    Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

    Endosymbiosis

    Tools for Studying Cells

    The Electron Microscope

    Summary: Cells (The Basics)

    Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

    Introduction

    Introduction

    Introduction to Research Methodology

    A New Perspective on Life Science Research

    DNA Discovery

    Biological Discovery Process

    Overview: Cells (The Basics)

    Leeuwenhoek's Microscope

    Overview: Cells (The Basics)

    Light Microscopes

    Overview: Cells (The Basics)

    Modern Light Microscopes

    What Are Cells?

    Spontaneous Generation

    What Are Cells?

    Spontaneous Generation: Contradictions

    Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

    The Plasma Membrane

    Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

    Domains

    Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

    Eukaryotes: Cytoskeleton

    Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

    Plant Cells

    Tools for Studying Cells

    New Experimental Methods

    Tools for Studying Cells

    Electron Microscopes: Advantages

    Tools for Studying Cells

    Freeze Fracture

    Tools for Studying Cells

    Cell Fractionation

    Tools for Studying Cells

    Cell Cultures

    Summary: Cells (The Basics)

    Laboratory Techniques

    DNA Discovery

    Bacteriophage Experiment: Outcome

    Overview: DNA Discovery and Structure

    Accumulation of Biological Knowledge: Trait Inheritance

    DNA Discovery

    Bacteriophage Experiment: DNA is the Genetic Material

    DNA Discovery

    DNA: The Transforming Agent

    Implications

    DNA Structure: Mechanism to Ensure Accuracy of DNA Replication

    Summary: DNA Discovery and Structure

    Biological Discovery

    Summary: Translation (Protein Synthesis)

    Translation: Protein Synthesis (Summary)

    Introduction

    Platelet Development Pathway

    Platelet Receptor Physiology

    Thromboxane A2

    Measures of Platelet Aggregation

    Light Transmission Aggregometry: Effects Shown

    Cytokines as Intercellular Messengers

    The Cytokine Network: Cytokine Effects

    Overview: Cells (The Basics)

    The Invention of the Microscope

    DNA Discovery

    Chromosomal Theory of Inheritance

    DNA Structure

    Strands Serving as Templates for the Synthesis of New Strands

    DNA Structure

    Determining the Sequence of Nucleotides

    DNA Structure

    DNA: A Double Helix

    DNA Structure

    Antiparallel Orientation

    Summary: DNA Discovery and Structure

    DNA: The Genetic Material

    Summary: DNA Discovery and Structure

    DNA Structure: Accurate Mechanism for DNA Replication

    Overview: Translation (Protein Synthesis)

    Translation: Protein Synthesis (Overview)

    Model Development and Implementation

    Model-Centric Data Integration, Development, and Collection

    What Are Cells?

    The Cell Theory

    Summary: Cells (The Basics)

    The Cell Theory

    Cell Structure and Movement

    Cell Structure and Movement

    Overview: DNA Discovery and Structure

    Accumulation of Biological Knowledge: Chromosomes and DNA

    DNA Structure

    Nucleotides

    DNA Discovery

    Bacterial Transformation

    DNA Structure

    Chargaff's Rules

    Implications

    Implications of the Discovery of DNA's Structure

    Summary: DNA Discovery and Structure

    DNA: A Double Helix

    Mechanism of Translation

    Mechanism of Translation

    Summary: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis

    The Cell Cycle and Mitosis: Summary

    Overview: The Transcription of DNA to RNA

    The Transcription of DNA to RNA: Overview

    Atherothrombosis

    Platelets and Development of Atherosclerotic Lesions: Platelet Interaction with Endothelial Cells

    The Extracellular Matrix

    The Extracellular Matrix

    Overview: Cell Structure and Mobility

    Cell Structure and Mobility: Overview

    How Do Bacteria Make People Sick?

    How Do Bacteria Make People Sick?

    Membrane Proteins

    Membrane Proteins

    Summary: Cell Membranes

    Cell Membranes: Summary

    DNA Discovery

    First Bacterial Transformation Experiments

    DNA Discovery

    Bacteriophage Experiment

    Overview: The Cell Cycle and Mitosis

    The Cell Cycle and Mitosis: Overview

    The Accuracy of Replication

    The Accuracy of Replication

    Summary: DNA Replication

    DNA Replication: Summary

    The Cell Cycle

    Cell Cycle Regulation, Growth Hormone Deficiency, and the G2 Checkcpoint

    Hemostasis

    Control of Hemostatic Pathways

    Platelet Receptor Physiology

    ADP

    Overview of Cell Activation, Cancer, and the Targets of Anticancer Drugs

    Normal Cell

    Cytokines as Proteins

    The Cytokines

    Modeling Metabolism

    The Centrality of Metabolism and Types of Data

    The Process of Transcription

    The Process of Transcription

    Summary: The Transcription of DNA to RNA

    The Transcription of DNA to RNA: Summary

    Overview: DNA Replication

    DNA Replication: Overview

    Atherothrombosis

    Platelets and Arterial Thrombosis: Causes of Plaque Disruption

    Measures of Platelet Aggregation

    Overview: Platelets

    The Fluid Mosaic Model

    The Fluid Mosaic Model

    Transport Mechanisms

    Transport Mechanisms

    Genes Encode Proteins

    Genes Encode Proteins

    Transcription Regulation and the Processing of RNA

    Transcription Regulation and the Processing of RNA

    The Cell Cycle

    The Cell Cycle Phases and Regulation, The G1 Checkpoint

    Chemical Process

    Methionine Oxidation: Consequences

    Hemostasis

    Fibrinolysis

    Atherothrombosis

    Involvement of Platelets

    Measures of Platelet Aggregation

    Light Transmission Aggregometry: Overview

    Overview of Cell Activation, Cancer, and the Targets of Anticancer Drugs

    Cancer Cell

    Overview of Cell Activation, Cancer, and the Targets of Anticancer Drugs

    Enzyme Inhibitors

    Overview of Cell Activation, Cancer, and the Targets of Anticancer Drugs

    DNA-Binding Molecules

    The Formation of the G-quadruplex structure

    Quadruplex Formation

    Overview of Cell Activation, Cancer, and the Targets of Anticancer Drugs

    Transcription

    The Formation of the G-quadruplex structure

    Quadruplex Formation

    Cytokines as Proteins

    Cytokines are Proteins

    Cytokines as Intercellular Messengers

    Cytokine Signaling Between Cells

    Cytokines in Physiology and Disease

    Cytokines in the Treatment of Disease: Chemical Tethering

    Diabetes

    Type 1 or Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

    VEGF

    MAP Kinase Pathway and PI3 Kinase Pathway

    Decoding RNA

    Decoding RNA

    Components of Translation

    Components of Translation

    The Cell Cycle

    The Cell Cycle Phases and Regulation, The G1 Checkpoint
    Cell Cycle Regulation, Growth Hormone D...

    Stages of the Cell Cycle

    Stages of the Cell Cycle

    The Mechanism of DNA Replication

    The Mechanism of DNA Replication

    Introduction

    Platelets

    Hemostasis

    Overview: Hemostasis

    Hemostasis

    Clot Retraction and Vessel Repair

    Hemostasis

    Disorders of Hemostasis: Abnormal Bleeding

    Hemostasis

    Platelet Aggregation

    Hemostasis

    Hemostasis

    Atherothrombosis

    Overview: Atherothrombosis

    Atherothrombosis

    Overview: Atherosclerotic Process

    Atherothrombosis

    Platelets and Development of Atherosclerotic Lesions

    Platelet Receptor Physiology

    ADP and Thromboxane A2

    Platelet Receptor Physiology

    IIb/IIIa and Platelet Aggregation

    Platelet Receptor Physiology

    IIb/IIIa as a Target

    Measures of Platelet Aggregation

    VerifyNow: Overview

    Measures of Platelet Aggregation

    Measure of Platelet Biomarkers VASP: PGE-1

    Measures of Platelet Aggregation

    Light Transmission Aggregometry: MPA & IPA

    Measures of Platelet Aggregation

    Point-of-Care Devices

    Overview of Cell Activation, Cancer, and the Targets of Anticancer Drugs

    Receptor Blockers

    Overview of Cell Activation, Cancer, and the Targets of Anticancer Drugs

    Transcription Repression

    Overview of Cell Activation, Cancer, and the Targets of Anticancer Drugs

    Antisense Molecules

    The Formation of the G-quadruplex structure

    DNA Alkylation

    Cytokines as Proteins

    Protein Structure and Stability: Temperature

    Cytokines as Proteins

    Protein Structure and Stability: Addition of Alkali

    Cytokines as Proteins

    Protein Structure and Stability: Denaturation

    Cytokines as Intercellular Messengers

    The Cytokine Network

    Cytokines as Proteins

    Proteins are the Products of Genes

    Cytokines as Proteins

    Protein Structure and Stability: Conditions that Affect Protein Structure

    Cytokines as Intercellular Messengers

    The Cytokine Network: Cytokine Effects

    Cytokines as Intercellular Messengers

    The Cytokine Network: Complex Interactions

    Cytokines in Physiology and Disease

    Development and Differentiation

    Cytokines in Physiology and Disease

    Cytokines in the Treatment of Disease: Antagonist

    Cytokine Examples

    Type I Interferons: Interferon-α and Interferon-β

    Cytokine Examples

    Interleukin-10

    Multiple Sclerosis

    Multiple Sclerosis

    Other Programs

    Melanocortin Receptors

    Other Programs

    Melanocortin-4 Receptor

    Cellular Organelles

    Cellular Organelles

    Summary: Cell Structure and Mobility

    Cell Structure and Mobility: Summary

    Mitosis and Cytokinesis

    Mitosis and Cytokinesis

    Introduction

    Normal Values

    Hemostasis

    Disorders of Hemostasis: Thromboembolic Conditions

    Hemostasis

    Vascular Spasms

    Hemostasis

    Platelet Plug Formation

    Hemostasis

    Activated Platelets

    Atherothrombosis

    Superficial Plaque Erosion

    Atherothrombosis

    Platelets and Arterial Thrombosis

    Platelet Receptor Physiology

    Substances That Cause Platelet Aggregation

    Platelet Receptor Physiology

    Activation Pathways

    Platelet Receptor Physiology

    Thrombin

    Measures of Platelet Aggregation

    VerifyNow: P2Y12 Cartridge

    Measures of Platelet Aggregation

    Summary: Platelets

    Measures of Platelet Aggregation

    Light Transmission Aggregometry: Aggregometer

    Measures of Platelet Aggregation

    Light Transmission Aggregometry: Residual Aggregation

    Measures of Platelet Aggregation

    Other Methods of Assessing Platelet Aggregation

    Cytokines as Proteins

    Protein Structure and Stability: Addition of Acid

    Cytokines as Intercellular Messengers

    Cytokine Signaling Between Cells: The Receptor

    Cytokines as Intercellular Messengers

    Cytokine Signaling Between Cells: The Immune System

    Cytokines in Physiology and Disease

    Intercellular Signaling Molecules

    Cytokines in Physiology and Disease

    Inflammation

    Cytokines in Physiology and Disease

    Cytokines in the Treatment of Disease

    Cytokine Examples

    Interleukin-4

    What is Biotechnology?

    The History of Biotechnology

    CRF

    CRF and ACTH

    Other Programs

    Chemokines

    Soft Tissue Sarcomas (STSs)

    Investigational Treatment Strategies

    Atherothrombosis

    High-Risk Atherothrombotic Plaque

    Measures of Platelet Aggregation

    VerifyNow: PRU: P2Y12 Reaction Units

    Measures of Platelet Aggregation

    Measure of Platelet Biomarkers VASP

    Measures of Platelet Aggregation

    Light Transmission Aggregometry: Tracing

    Cytokines as Proteins

    Proteins are Linear Polymers of Amino Acids

    Cytokines as Proteins

    Protein Structure and Stability: Levels of Structure

    Cytokines as Intercellular Messengers

    Cytokine Signaling Between Cells: Changes in Gene Expression

    Cytokines in Physiology and Disease

    The Immune System

    Cytokine Examples

    Interleukin-5

    VEGF

    VEGF Production

    VEGF

    MAP Kinase Pathway

    Summary: Angiogenesis

    Summary: Angiogenesis

    Hemostasis

    Coagulation: Phases

    Hemostasis

    Coagulation: Contact Activation Pathway

    Introduction

    Platelet Development Pathway
    Platelets
    Normal Values

    Cytokines as Proteins

    Protein Structure and Stability: Molecular Interactions

    Cytokines as Proteins

    Protein Structure and Stability: Oxidizing or Reducing Agents

    Cytokines as Intercellular Messengers

    The Cytokine Network
    The Cytokine Network: Cytokine Effects
    The Cytokine Network: Complex ...

    Cytokine Examples

    Interleukins and Interferons

    Overview: Angiogenesis

    Regulation of Angiogenesis: Inhibitors

    Overview: Angiogenesis

    Angiogenesis Process

    Pathological Angiogenesis

    Angiogenesis and Cancer: The Angiogenic Switch

    Pathological Angiogenesis

    Anti-angiogenesic Cancer Therapies

    Pathological Angiogenesis

    Anti-angiogenesic Cancer Therapies: VEGF Pathway Inhibition

    Cytokines as Proteins

    Protein Structure and Stability: Amino Acids

    Cytokines in Physiology and Disease

    Cytokines in the Treatment of Disease: Antagonist
    Cytokines in the Treatment of Disease: Chemic...

    Introduction

    Core PKDM Disciplines Supporting Drug Development

    Overview: Angiogenesis

    Functions of Angiogenesis

    VEGF

    VEGF Family of Cytokines and Receptors

    Pathological Angiogenesis

    Angiogenesis in Cancer

    Chemotherapy

    Chemotherapy Resistance

    Platelet Receptor Physiology

    Substances That Cause Platelet Aggregation
    Activation Pathways
    ADP and Thromboxane A2

    Cytokines as Intercellular Messengers

    Cytokine Signaling Between Cells: The Receptor
    Cytokine Signaling Between Cells: The Immune Sys...

    Overview: Angiogenesis

    Regulation of Angiogenesis

    Pathological Angiogenesis

    Diseases Associated with Uncontrolled Angiogenesis

    Biological Products/Recombinant Proteins

    Discovery and Development of Biologics: Recombinant Biologics

    Cytokines as Intercellular Messengers

    Cytokine Signaling Between Cells: The Receptor
    Cytokine Signaling Between Cells: The Immune Sys...

    Cytokines in Physiology and Disease

    Intercellular Signaling Molecules
    Development and Differentiation
    The Immune System
    I...

    Cytokine Examples

    Interleukins and Interferons
    Type I Interferons: Interferon-α and Interferon-β
    I...

    Introduction

    Pharmacokinetics & Pharmacodynamics Guide Drug Candidate Design and Selection and Advance the Core G...

    Atherothrombosis

    Overview: Atherothrombosis
    Interactivity: Unstable Plaque
    Interactivity: Thrombus Formatio...

    Chemical Process

    Chemical Stability
    Methionine Oxidation
    Methionine Oxidation: Consequences
    Methionine...

    Measures of Platelet Aggregation

    Overview: Platelets
    VerifyNow: Overview
    VerifyNow: P2Y12 Cartridge
    VerifyNow: PRU: P2...

    Cytokines as Proteins

    Protein Structure and Stability: Temperature
    Protein Structure and Stability: Addition of Acid

    What is Biotechnology?

    The History of Biotechnology
    What is Biotechnology?
    A Global Industry
    The Evolution o...

    Cytokines as Proteins

    The Cytokines
    Cytokines are Proteins
    Proteins are Linear Polymers of Amino Acids
    Prot...

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