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    Nephrology: Diseases of the Kidney

    Nephrology: Kidney Function

    Nephrology: Anatomy and Physiology

    Nephrology: Chronic Kidney Disease: Anemia Consumer Awareness

    Diabetes: Anatomy and Physiology

    Diabetes: Basis for Some Measures Used in Studies

    Cardiovascular: Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome

    Diabetes: Pathology of Complications

    Lysosomal Storage Disorders: Fabry Disease

    Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Food Effect on PK and PD

    Nephrology: Tolerance Technology: Antibody Formation

    Immunology: Autoimmune Disorders and Hypersensitivity

    Lupus: Pathophysiology

    Diabetes: Epidemiology

    Cardiovascular: Hypertension

    Pharmacokinetics: For Non-PK Scientists

    Multiple Sclerosis: Immunology

    Hepatology: Anatomy and Physiology of Liver and Overview of Liver Diseases

    Neurology: Lower Back Pain

    Hepatology: Anatomy and Physiology of Liver and Overview of Liver Diseases

    Oncology Primer: Therapy Principles

    Stroke: State

    Rheumatoid Arthritis: Immunology Overview

    Atherosclerosis: Heart Failure

    Lupus: Clinical Presentation

    Biology: Angiogenesis

    Oncology: Multiple Myeloma

    Cardiovascular: Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

    Oncology Primer: Mechanisms of Molecular Pathogenesis

    Rheumatoid Arthritis: Biologic Therapy

    Immunology: Therapeutic Immunology

    Osteoporosis: General

    Diabetes: Type 2

    Atherosclerosis: Lipid Lowering Agents

    Diabetes: Anatomy and Physiology

    Immunology: Immune System Pathology

    Osteoporosis: Skeletal Structure Exploration

    Multiple Sclerosis: Oral Therapies

    Osteoporosis: Bone Biology and Anatomy

    Obesity

    Rheumatoid Arthritis: Clinical Presentation and Assessment

    Psoriasis: Treatments

    Lupus: Treatments

    Rheumatoid Arthritis: Treatments with Nonbiologic DMARDS

    Genetics: Non-Mendelian

    Anticoagulation: Treatments I

    Multiple Sclerosis: Treatments and Strategies

    Reproduction: Hypogonadism Pathophysiology

    Myelodysplastic Syndrome: Therapeutic Decisions

    Multiple Sclerosis

  • Microlearning Topics

  • Chronic Kidney Disease

    Treatment: Delay Disease Progression

    Chronic Kidney Disease

    Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), Disease Course and Natural History

    Diagnosis of Kidney Disease

    Diagnosis: Estimation of GFR

    Introduction to Kidney Disease

    Chronic Kidney Disease: Signs and Symptoms

    Introduction to Kidney Disease

    Chronic Kidney Disease

    Introduction to Kidney Disease

    Kidney Disease State

    Diagnosis of Kidney Disease

    Diagnosis of Kidney Disease

    Chronic Kidney Disease

    Complications of CKD

    Introduction to Kidney Disease

    Diabetic Nephropathy (DN)

    Summary: Chronic Kidney Disease

    Summary: Chronic Kidney Disease

    Diabetic Nephropathy

    Description: Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD)

    Diabetic Nephropathy

    Kidney Disease Treatment: Goals and Components

    Diagnosis of Kidney Disease

    Diagnosis: Patient History, Physical Examination and Urinalysis

    Introduction to Kidney Disease

    Diabetic Nephropathy (DN): Signs, Symptoms and Mortality

    Diagnosis of Kidney Disease

    Diagnosis: Ultrasound Imaging and Laboratory Tests

    Diabetic Nephropathy

    Disease Course and Natural History

    Diabetic Nephropathy

    Pathophysiology

    Diabetic Nephropathy

    Tubular Pathophysiology

    Renal Replacement Therapy

    Renal Replacement Therapy (RRT)

    Diabetic Nephropathy

    Diabetic Nephropathy: Etiology

    Diabetic Nephropathy

    Treatment Components: Statins, Lovastatin and Ezetimibe

    Introduction: Nephrology

    Introduction: Nephrology

    Understanding Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease

    What Is the Role of Iron?

    Understanding Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease

    What Happens When Kidneys Don't Work?

    Understanding Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease

    What's the Role of Blood?

    Understanding Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease

    Where Do Red Blood Cells Come From?

    Understanding Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease

    What Are Red Blood Cells?

    Understanding Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease

    How Do Red Blood Cells Carry Oxygen?

    Understanding Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease

    How Can the Production of RBCs Be Increased in People with CKD?

    Understanding Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease

    How Can I Tell If I Have Anemia?

    Understanding Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease

    Why Do Symptoms Occur?

    Summary and Knowledge Check

    Summary: Kidney Function

    Introduction: Kidney Function

    Introduction: Kidney Function

    Excretion and Osmoregulation

    Hormonal Control of Osmoregulation and Vasodilators

    Understanding Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease

    How Can I Tell If I Have Anemia?
    Why Do Symptoms Occur?
    What's the Role of Blood?

    Measures of Kidney Function

    Measures of Kidney Function

    Anatomical Features of the Kidney

    Juxtaglomerular Apparatus and Renal Microvasculature

    Additional Functions of the Kidney

    Regulation of Blood pH

    Anatomical Features of the Kidney

    Renal Vasculature

    Excretion and Osmoregulation

    Selective Reabsorption: Renal and Proximal Tubules

    Measures of Kidney Function

    Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR)

    Anatomical Features of the Kidney

    The Kidneys and Histologic Layers

    Anatomical Features of the Kidney

    Nephrons and Renal Corpuscle

    Additional Functions of the Kidney

    Additional Functions of the Kidney

    Additional Functions of the Kidney

    Glucose Homeostasis

    Excretion and Osmoregulation

    Excretion and Glomerular Filtration

    Measures of Kidney Function

    Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR): Estimates

    Measures of Kidney Function

    Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR): Direct Measurement

    Excretion and Osmoregulation

    Sodium and Potassium Pump, Loop of Henle and Renal Tubule

    Anatomical Features of the Kidney

    Renal, Proximal, Distal Convoluted Tubules, Loop of Henle and Collecting Duct

    Measures of Kidney Function

    Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), Urine Protein, and Possible Causes of Proteinurina

    Introduction

    Introduction

    Kidney

    Kidney Function in Diabetes

    Kidney Function: GFR

    Measure of Kidney Function

    Pathophysiology

    Nephropathy

    Introduction: Pathology of Diabetes Complications

    Acute Diabetes Complications

    Microvascular Complications

    Diabetic Neuropathy

    Management

    Goals of Treatment

    Study Population

    Drug Elimination

    Antibodies to dsDNA in Lupus Renal Disease

    dsDNA Antibodies in Lupus Renal Disease

    Antibody Production

    Antibody Production

    Mechanisms of Select Autoimmune Disorders

    Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Failure of Vital Organs

    Lupus Introduction

    Lupus Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
    Historical Context
    Symptoms of Lupus

    Epidemiology of Diabetes

    Impact of Diabetes

    Management of Hypertension in Special Populations

    Management of Hypertension in Special Populations

    Mechanisms of Select Autoimmune Disorders

    Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Symptoms and Risk

    Causes of Secondary Hypertension

    Causes of Secondary Hypertension

    Additional PK Parameters

    Renal (Kidney) Clearance

    Mechanisms of Select Autoimmune Disorders

    Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

    Target Organ Damage

    Target Organ Damage

    Mechanisms of Select Autoimmune Disorders

    Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

    Autoimmune Disorders

    Introduction: Autoimmune Disorders: Affects Almost Any Part of the Body

    Forms of Lupus

    Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

    Anatomy and Physiology of Diabetes

    Introduction: Anatomy and Physiology of Diabetes

    Physiology

    Protein Production

    Microvascular Complications

    Diabetic Nephropathy: Risk Factors, Treatment

    Additional PK Parameters

    Clearance (CL)
    Hepatic (Liver) Clearance
    Renal (Kidney) Clearance

    Introduction to Low Back Pain

    Local vs Referred

    Lupus Pathogenesis

    Pathogenic Autoantibodies in SLE

    Physiology

    Elimination and Detoxification

    Management of Hypertension

    Drug Combinations

    Clinical Manifestations

    Associated Diseases

    Additional PK Parameters

    Clearance (CL)
    Clearance (CL)
    Hepatic (Liver) Clearance
    Renal (Kidney) Clearance

    Forms of Lupus

    Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (CLE)
    Forms of Lupus
    Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

    Resistant Hypertension

    Types of Hypertension

    Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

    Complications

    Overview of Aspirin and Stroke

    Overview of Aspirin and Stroke

    Autoimmune Disease Examples

    Interactivity: Autoimmune Diseases

    Management of Hypertension

    Hypertension Management Guidelines

    Epidemiology of Diabetes

    Impact of Diabetes
    Effect of Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity on Quality of Life Score
    Diabetic...

    Heart Failure: Treatments

    Overview
    Prevention
    Treatment Guidelines
    Intervention - Medications
    ACE Inhibito...

    Overlapping Diseases

    Mixed Connective Tissue Disease

    Aspirin and Primary Stroke Prevention

    Recommendations: Low Dose Aspirin

    Epidemiology and Natural History

    Natural History

    Epidemiology

    Epidemiology

    Pathological Angiogenesis

    Diseases Associated with Uncontrolled Angiogenesis

    Stroke Prevention Key Concepts

    Summary: Stroke Prevention Key Concepts

    Clinical Progression

    Myeloma Cell Growth
    Myeloma Disease Progression
    Bone Pain
    Hypercalcemia
    Hypercal...

    Technique: On-pump vs. Off-pump

    Different Bypass Procedures

    Autoimmune Disease Examples

    Autoimmune Diseases
    Interactive Exercise: Immunology Terms
    Interactivity: Autoimmune Disea...

    Conditions Causing Low Back Pain

    Causes of Low Back Pain
    Trauma
    Herniated Disc
    Arthritis
    Infections
    Tumors

    Introduction to Low Back Pain

    Introduction to Low Back Pain
    Acute vs Chronic
    Nociceptive vs Neuropathic
    Local vs Re...

    Additional PK Parameters

    Apparent Volume of Distribution (V)
    Interactive exercise: Volume of Distribution
    Interacti...

    Classification and Staging

    Classification of Myeloma
    Diagnostic Criteria
    Interactive Exercise: Myeloma Classification...

    Environmental Mechanisms

    Obesity

    Heart Failure: Diagnostic Tools/Biomarkers

    Physical Examination
    Routine Laboratory Testing
    Electrocardiogram (ECG)
    Chest X-Ray

    Monoclonal Antibodies

    Monoclonal Antibody Production

    Introduction to Monoclonal Antibodies

    Antibodies as Therapy
    Early Antibody Therapy: Polyclonal Antibodies
    Hybridoma Technology: ...

    Pathogenesis of Primary Osteoporosis

    Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: Progression and Hormonal Changes

    Pathology of T2DM

    Insulin Resistance: Hepatic (Liver)
    Decreased Glucose Uptake (Muscle)
    Decreased Insulin Se...

    Monoclonal Antibodies

    Monoclonal Antibody Production
    Monoclonal Antibody Production: Knowledge Check

    Management of Hypertension

    Medications

    Diabetes Annotations

    Jardiance

    Ezetimibe (Zetia)

    Efficacy and Safety: SHARP (Study of Heart and Renal Protection - 2011)

    Typical Clinical Course

    Organ Systems Involved

    Organs Affected by Diabetes

    Organs Affected by Diabetes

    Fabry Disease : Overview

    Common Clinical Manifestations: Renal

    Autoimmune Disease Processes

    Consequences of Autoimmune Diseases: The Natural History of Autoimmune Disorders

    Organs Affected by Diabetes

    Organs Affected by Diabetes
    Eyes
    Kidneys
    Peripheral Nervous System
    Heart
    Ce...

    Calcium Homeostasis

    Calcium in the Body
    Calcium Homeostasis
    Control of Calcium Homeostasis

    Monitoring

    Compliance Toxicities
    Patient Compliance
    Toxicity

    Monitoring

    Toxicity

    Calcium Homeostasis

    Control of Calcium Homeostasis

    Bone Function

    Calcium Homeostasis

    Autoimmune Disease Processes

    The Etiology of Autoimmune Disease: Lifestyle Factors

    Overview of Obesity

    Benefits of Modest Weight Loss

    Autoimmune Disease Processes

    The Etiology of Autoimmune Disease
    The Etiology of Autoimmune Disease: Genetic Factors (Risk)

    Autoimmune Disease Processes

    The Etiology of Autoimmune Disease
    The Etiology of Autoimmune Disease: Genetic Factors (Risk)

    Complications of RA

    Major Organs Affected by RA

    Psoriatic Arthritis Therapies

    Symptomatic Treatment
    Symptomatic Treatment: Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

    Psoriatic Arthritis Therapies

    Symptomatic Treatment: Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

    Autoimmune Disease Processes

    Consequences of Autoimmune Diseases: Common Autoimmune Diseases

    Mechanisms of Autoimmune Disease: The Breakdown of Tolerance

    The Breakdown of Tolerance: Molecular Mimicry

    Autoimmune Disease Processes

    Consequences of Autoimmune Diseases: Progression and Destruction in Autoimmune Disorders (Mechanisms...

    Traditional Immunosuppressive Therapies

    Cytotoxic Agents

    Introduction to Immunopathology

    Organ Transplant Rejection: Class I MHC and Class II MHC Proteins
    Organ Transplant Rejection: H...

    Overview of Obesity

    Overweight/Obese Defined
    Body Mass Index
    Waist Circumference and Obesity
    Cause of Obe...

    SLE Treatments: NSAIDs

    Main Types of NSAIDs

    SLE Treatments: NSAIDs

    Main Types of NSAIDs
    Mode of Action
    Indicated for Use in SLE

    NSAIDs

    Introduction: NSAIDs

    Non-biologic DMARDs: Methotrexate

    Safety Issues and Side Effects

    Overview of Obesity

    Health Consequences of Overweight and Obesity

    Mitochondrial Mutations

    Mitochondrial Mutations

    Mechanisms of Autoimmune Disease: The Breakdown of Tolerance

    Mechanisms of Autoimmune Disease: The Breakdown of Tolerance
    The Breakdown of Tolerance: Molecu...

    Mechanisms of Autoimmune Disease: The Breakdown of Tolerance

    Mechanisms of Autoimmune Disease: The Breakdown of Tolerance
    The Breakdown of Tolerance: Molecu...

    Standard Agents: Therapeutic Challenges

    Enoxaparin: Contraindications and Dalteparin: Warnings and Precautions

    Guidelines for Anticoagulant Venous Thromboembolism Therapy

    Venous Thromboembolism Treatment: Complications or Comorbidities

    Traditional Immunosuppressive Therapies

    Traditional Immunosuppressive Therapies
    Traditional Immunosuppressive Agents
    Corticosteroi...

    Hypersensitivity

    Hypersensitivity: Hypersensitivity Disorders

    Currently Approved Therapies: Tysabri

    Tysabri

    Traditional Immunosuppressive Therapies

    Fungal or Bacterial Derivatives

    Pathophysiology of Male Hypogonadism

    Overview: Male Hypogonadism

    Standard Agents: Therapeutic Challenges

    Therapeutic Challenges of Antithrombotic Treatment

    Hypomethylating Agents

    Hypomethylating Agents

    Emerging Hypotheses on Treatment

    Emerging Hypotheses on Treatment: Myelination-Targeted Antibodies
    Cell Therapy
    Human Stem ...

    Heart Failure: Treatments

    Intervention - Medications
    ACE Inhibitors
    Angiotensin Receptor Blockers
    β-Blocke...

    Lenalidomide

    Lenalidomide: Proposed Mechanism of Action
    Lenalidomide: Overview
    Lenalidomide: Indication...

    Hypomethylating Agents

    Mechanism of DNA Methylation
    Gene Silencing Following DNA Methylation
    Hypomethylating Agen...

    Hypomethylating Agents

    Hypomethylating Agents

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